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| Theodore Roosevelt's Cabin, South Unit, Theodore Roosevelt Memorial National Park |
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| Interior of Theodore Roosevelt's Cabin |
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| "Cannonball" formations, badlands of Theodore Roosevelt Memorial National Park, North Unit, near Watford City, a North Dakota oil drilling center. |
The March issues of both National Geographic and Harper’s feature cover stories on the same subject: oil exploration through
hydraulic fracturing (fracking) in the Bakken shale in North Dakota. In
reporting this exceptional boom, which has driven North Dakota’s unemployment
rate to 3%, the lowest in the nation, neither article exudes optimism. The
articles supplement each other. The one in National Geographic anchors itself in the perspective of a 39-year-old
woman, a risk-taker—fiction writer, painter, filmmaker, and lead singer in a
rock band in her earlier life—to leave the desperate financial straits she, her
husband, and two daughers were in in southwestern Montana, to travel alone to
North Dakota, where she learned to drive an 18-wheeler, and then plunked
herself down amidst the “testosterone cloud” of nearly all male workers, where
her superior trucking skills found her work that very quickly solved her
families financial problems back home. Truckers in this land of fraying two-lane
roads, make six-figure incomes, as do many of the other workers in this
oil-boom region, which in the past two years has surpassed California and
Alaska in its oil output, behind only Texas now. The boom, like any boom, has
strained the local roads, hospitals, schools and other municipal services,
attracted vice and guns, and quintupled housing prices, forcing many long-time
residents to leave. While workers are well-paid, most are from out of state,
and the profits enrich company owners in Texas and Oklahoma. The state, which
has legislated that the drilling poses no environmental risk to the fragile
prairie, receives an 11.% on oil sales, which has led to a $1.6 billion budget
surplus during this time of cutbacks. The National Geographic article provides excellent cutaway illustrations of
how the drilling works to extract the elusive oil. It voices concerns about the
toxic effects of the chemicals used in fracking, but couches them in the fears
of others, not the author of the article.
The
Harper’s article by Richard Manning
roots its perspective in the experiece of Theodore Roosevelt, who in his
twenties and reeling from the deaths of his mother and young wife on the same
Valentine’s day in 1884, bought a ranch he named Elkhorn, and where he rusticated
for two years, minutely recording his experience of his natural environment,
but saying nothing about his mourning process. (His cabin is preserved near the
Visitor Center of the South Unit of the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial National
Park, near Medora, N.D. that features magnificent badlands, and which I visited
this past summer—along with the North Unit, which has its own distinctive
badlands, equally beautiful.) When Roosevelt returned to public life, he
founded the conservation movement and was determined to preserve the American
wilderness against business and especially oil monopolists, like John D.
Rockefeller, whom he called “the most dangerous members of the criminal
class—the criminals of great wealth” (turned into his more famous “malefactors of
great wealth” in a speech in 1907).
Though
National Geographic, with its social and
technological emphasis, is
careful not to take position on the environmental impact of the massive
drilling the Harper’s article offers many facts on the subject that speak
for themselves: that there were 1100 oil spills in North Dakota in 2011, that a
berm designed to prevent the runoff of toxic water from a reserve-pit was
breached resulting in a massive fish kill, that drainages has permanently
killed all vegetation in their paths, that a drilling rig located close to an
eagles’ nest resulted in the death of all the birds, one of them by gunshot,
arriving at the summary conclusion, “Gunplay, the roads, the rigs, the noise,
the trucks, the off-duty oil workers on all terrain vehicles (ATVs), the
general disregard for anything living that is the consequence of
industrializing a once-wild landscape”—all of these killed the eagles. And
Manning notes that the 8000+ wells, involved more in a “plumbing” operation
than an exploratory one in the Bakken shale of North Dakota has never entered
the national political discussion around climate and environmental issues. Yet it's so big that the natural gas burnoff fires (as he shows with a photograph) rival the metropolis of Minneapolis-St. Paul from the air at night—except that they're red. He
adds a significant note on the Keystone XL pipeline that has provoked so much
protest, saying that it’s “designed to relieve a bottleneck caused, in part, by
a glut created by increased Bakken production,” adding that such pipelines are
cheaper, safer and less carbon-producing than the massive amount of trucking
now used to transport oil.
So
the logic seems to be clear: as long as our dependence on oil is not
questioned, and especially as long as the “externalities” (meaning the human
and environmental costs resulting from a commercial operation such as oil
drilling which the the companies don’t have to take responsibility for) are
excluded, the virtually unregulated oil drilling in the Bakken and the Keystone
XL pipeline are no-brainers. The problem is that they are killing the
environment, and may end up killing us.
